Alana Deal спросил 5 месяцев назад
adult adhd diagnosis and treatment ADHD and Comorbid Disorders
Many adults with ADHD have comorbid conditions like major depression (Kessler and colleagues, 2006). Many patients who are depressed aren’t able to take medication and could be able to benefit from therapy.
Neurotransmitters are brain chemicals that regulate and boost levels of certain brain chemicals. Stimulants such as methylphenidate and amphetamine are often prescribed.
Medicines
Many of the medications used to treat ADHD in children can be used in adults. The dosages and the side effects are different. A doctor will look at the individual’s medical history, family history, and other health conditions to determine what medication is most suitable for him or her.
The most common type of ADHD medication is stimulant. It adjusts levels of two chemical messengers in the brain, norepinephrine as well as dopamine. Stimulants like methylphenidate and dextro-amphetamine (commonly called Adderall) increase the amount of these neurotransmitters, which help improve focus and reduce impulsivity and aggression. They come in various forms such as chewable tablets, liquids and skin patches. These long-acting stimulants are favored as they lead to better patient compliance, and an easier, longer-lasting improvement in symptoms.
It is important to keep in mind that co-occurring disorders like anxiety or depression can influence the response to ADHD medication. It is therefore recommended that psychiatric disorders be treated first before medication used as secondary measure. The medications that can be used for comorbidity disorders include atomoxetine (Bupropion), tricyclic antidepressants and bupropion (Wilens 2004).).
Certain patients may experience some patients may experience a «rebound» effect where they experience a worsening of ADHD symptoms after discontinuing stimulant medications. In these instances it is possible to try a short-term trial of the use of a low dose stimulant medication could be helpful.
Some people are unable to tolerate stimulant medicines or are not able to take them due to addiction or other health issues, such as severe heart problems or hypertension. In these cases, nonstimulant medications like atomoxetine (Strattera) and viloxazine (Qelbree) can be effective. These medications don’t cause the same amount of side effects as stimulants and carry a lower risks of abuse and diversion.
Psychotherapy
Psychotherapy (talk therapy) can be beneficial for those with ADHD. It can help people with ADHD to improve their lives, manage stress and anxiety, resolve conflicts, or cope with problems at work or in relationships. It can also help those suffering from mental illness that are co-existing, such as depression and addiction disorders.
Talk therapies include cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), mind-body cognitive therapy, as well as schema therapy. These therapies are based on the notion that a person’s beliefs and thoughts influence how they think, feel and behave. CBT helps a person recognize negative behavior and thought patterns, then develops and implements strategies to change them. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy utilizes techniques of meditation to help a person learn to concentrate on their thoughts and emotions, manage their impulses, and improve their executive functioning. Schema therapy, along with other forms of psychotherapy that concentrate on a person’s family history, may be helpful for those suffering from ADHD.
Psychotherapy, as well as medication, can assist with specific ADHD issues, like difficulties with schoolwork or getting along with others. It can also assist in avoiding important dates and responsibilities, and making decisions that are impulsive and could lead to legal and financial problems. It can help a person overcome issues of the underlying nature, such as anxiety and depression that could be contributing to their ADHD symptoms.
Psychotherapy can help people discover healthy ways to cope and reduce stress. For instance exercise, sleep improvement and healthy eating habits. It can also provide assistance to a partner or family member who is struggling with the effects of ADHD on their relationship. Therapy for families and marriage can help couples and families communicate better and learn how to manage ADHD symptoms together.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
CBT is a type of psychotherapy that is focused on helping clients to change their negative thinking patterns. It employs dialogue based on skill with an experienced mental health professional (a therapist) to address the root causes of their symptoms. The goal of this treatment is to eliminate the limitations and implement coping strategies that fit with the client’s daily life.
In addition, they teach clients to recognize unhelpful thoughts, therapists who specialize in adult ADHD CBT assist them in developing abilities that enable them to replace negative thoughts with more productive ones. This process can take some time. It is a viable option for those who are unable to get enough relief from their medications.
A recent RCT study has found that when combined with medication, CBT is superior to cognitive behavioral therapy alone in reducing the emotional symptoms, core symptoms as well as self-esteem and social functioning of adults suffering from ADHD (Clarke et al., 2017). CBT when combined with methylphenidate may be particularly effective for people who have more serious underlying issues.
The therapists who offer this kind of treatment usually work with the client to develop an action plan specific to solving their issues. They train them in a series of practical skills that are simple to master and have a high probability of success. Often a chart system is utilized to track the progress of a child and reward positive behavior. This might include a daily report for a child that outlines the tasks they must complete in school or the positive behavior that must be displayed, as well as an approach to recording and rewarding. The therapists could also consider creating negative consequences if children fail to finish their tasks. This can be done with sensitivity and encouragement.
Metacognitive Therapy
A newer type of therapy, metacognitive therapy helps individuals change how they think. This kind of therapy could be beneficial for people who suffer from a range of mental health issues, such as depression. It is a type of cognitive behavioral therapy that helps people recognize negative thinking patterns and their impact on their emotions. This kind of therapy can help to develop mental tools that are adaptable and beneficial.
The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between metacognitive capabilities and daily functioning in adults suffering from ADHD. To accomplish this we compared self and informant-rated impairments in daily functioning with the predictors of metacognition (comprehensive Knowledge, Regulation of Cognition, Debugging Information Management, and Evaluation). The results showed that complete knowledge was associated with daily functioning in adults with ADHD however, it was not associated with regulatory processes. Metacognition predictors had moderate predictive power, which indicates that they can explain a significant amount of variance in daily functioning of people with ADHD.
Metacognitive Therapy (MCT) is an intervention that focuses on transforming dysfunctional metacognitive belief patterns that perpetuate states such as worry, rumination, and attention fixation. MCT was created by Adrian Wells based on an information processing model created by Wells and Gerald Matthews. A case series has proven the effectiveness of MCT in managing illness anxiety disorder, however it’s still relatively new and more research is required to determine its effectiveness for other disorders.
This study was created to assess the effectiveness of MCT to treat symptoms of illness anxiety disorder. However, it can be used to treat various disorders and may be more effective than other treatment. It is important to keep it in mind that this is not an effective treatment for ADHD however it can be utilized as an alternative therapy.
Family Therapy
In family therapy, therapists work with all family members. All members can better understand the issues of the client and learn to assist their loved ones. It also assists them in finding ways to manage their own feelings of frustration and develop healthier communication skills. This type of counseling could be utilized to treat other comorbidities, such as addiction and depression, which are often seen as part of ADHD.
The therapist will start with an intake session to get a better understanding of the family’s view of the problem and evaluate their suitability for family intervention. The session can be conducted in person or via the internet. The counselor will explain to each participant the nature of treatment and the rules for family therapy.
A therapist who has experience Treating inattentive adhd adults with ADHD will ask a lot of questions to get a better understanding of their present symptoms, their past, and the impact that they have on their work, family and relationships. They will also ask if any other mental problems are present, for example anxiety or depression.
Cognitive behavioral therapy is a structured kind of counseling that teaches you to control your behavior and change negative patterns of thinking into positive ones. It focuses on improving your self esteem and self-control by teaching you strategies to manage anger and stress. This is a short-term option that can be used in conjunction with other types psychotherapy.
Individual therapy can help people with ADHD to overcome the emotional baggage that results from underachievement and failure. It can also assist them in dealing problems with relationships, job changes, and academic challenges. It can help you develop ways to manage stress and cope and teach you how to manage your time and finances more effectively. It can also be used to tackle comorbid conditions, such as anxiety and mood disorders which are often associated with ADHD.